Dr. Ian Cotgreave has been a Professor of Toxicology at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, for over 20 years and is still affiliated to the Institute of Environmental Medicine there. He is currently Professor and Vice President of the Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Safety at the Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE). Previous roles also included Head of Molecular Toxicology and Global Discipline Leader at AstraZeneca, Preclinical Safety Assessment. Dr. Cotgreave has been at the forefront of toxicology research and strategy in relation to Sweden's participation in the European Union's 3Rs initiatives to replace, reduce and refine animal testing for chemical risk assessment. He was a member of the Swedish Medical Research Council's Evaluation Panel on 3R research for 6 years and was Co-Chairman of the Science Advisory Panel of the EU Commission / Cosmetics Europe SEURAT-1 Chronic Toxicity Consortium. He has been PI in the EU Flagship program on mechanism-driven risk assessment EuToxRisk, and is currently PI in its follow-up program, Eu RiskHunt3R. Ian is also a former member of ESAC, the science advisory board of the EUs ECVAM center for validation of new assessment methods.